{"id":28718,"date":"2021-06-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aspeninstitutece.softmedia.cz\/news-article\/ai-v-cesku-co-s-evropskou-regulaci\/"},"modified":"2021-06-29T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T22:00:00","slug":"ai-v-cesku-co-s-evropskou-regulaci","status":"publish","type":"news-article","link":"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/cs\/news-article\/ai-v-cesku-co-s-evropskou-regulaci\/","title":{"rendered":"AI v \u010cesku. <br>Co s evropskou regulac\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>K\u00a0navrhovan\u00e9 regulaci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unii, pota\u017emo v\u00a0\u010cesku, je t\u0159eba p\u0159istupovat velmi citliv\u011b a obez\u0159etn\u011b. A\u010dkoli za n\u00ed stoj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 \u00famysly, m\u016f\u017ee zpomalit nasazen\u00ed modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed v Evrop\u011b a sn\u00ed\u017eit konkurenceschopnost zdej\u0161\u00edch podnik\u016f i startup\u016f. Shodli se na tom p\u0159edn\u00ed experti b\u011bhem on-line diskuse s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/event\/ai-v-cesku-co-s-evropskou-regulaci\/\"><strong>AI v \u010cesku. Co s evropskou regulac\u00ed?<\/strong><\/a><strong>, kterou uspo\u0159\u00e1dal Aspen Institute Central Europe ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi novinami, v\u011bdeckou iniciativou prg.ai. a technickou podporou odborn\u00e9ho spolku Paraleln\u00ed Polis.\u00a0 Debatu moderovala Sara Polak z prg.ai,\u00a0 absolventka programu Aspen Young Leaders.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"AI v \u010cesku. Co s evropskou regulac\u00ed?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hqOYQb2jJrM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Jako jeden z hlavn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f plo\u0161n\u00e9 regulace m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zavedena kategorie \u201evysoce rizikov\u00fdch AI syst\u00e9m\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e9 EU pova\u017euje za ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Ty p\u0159\u00edmo zakazuje, na dal\u0161\u00ed se chyst\u00e1 uvrhnout p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Za nedodr\u017een\u00ed pravidel bude hrozit pokuta a\u017e \u0161est procent ro\u010dn\u00edho obratu firmy, anebo t\u0159icet milion\u016f eur \u2013 podle toho, kter\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka bude vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eRegulace, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1me, budou m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na konkurenceschopnost Evropy na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm trhu. U\u017e te\u010f ekonomick\u00e1 s\u00edla EU radik\u00e1ln\u011b kles\u00e1 a pokud si p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou regulac\u00ed sv\u00e1\u017eeme nohy, konkurence n\u00e1m ute\u010de,\u201d<\/em> upozor\u0148uje <strong>Martin Reh\u00e1k<\/strong>,\u00a0CEO\u00a0&amp; Founder, Resistant AI. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence p\u0159inese dramatickou zm\u011bnu v profesn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0159ady lid\u00ed. <em>\u201eAle zm\u011bnu je t\u0159eba vyu\u017e\u00edt v n\u00e1\u0161 prosp\u011bch, ne se j\u00ed b\u00e1t. Regulace zalo\u017een\u00e1 na strachu z nezn\u00e1ma m\u016f\u017ee jen \u0161kodit,\u201c <\/em>prohl\u00e1sil Martin Reh\u00e1k s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee regulace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence zkou\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 zat\u00edm existuji jen z\u0159\u00eddka. M\u011bla by p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chr\u00e1nit ob\u010dany p\u0159ed podvodn\u00edky a nemor\u00e1ln\u00edmi praktikami.<\/p>\n<p>V EU maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 technologie pro v\u00fdpo\u010det soci\u00e1ln\u00edho sk\u00f3re, kter\u00e9 by sledovaly ekonomickou \u010di\u00a0spole\u010denskou bonitu a nastavovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupu k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m. Stejn\u011b tak technologie zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed zranitelnosti d\u011bt\u00ed, nebo manipuluj\u00edc\u00ed s lidsk\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm s c\u00edlem obej\u00edt svobodnou v\u016fli u\u017eivatel\u016f. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch sledovat lidi pomoc\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje by se m\u011blo do budoucna omezit v\u00fdslovn\u011b jen na prevenci teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f \u010di\u00a0hled\u00e1n\u00ed ztracen\u00fdch osob. Nov\u00e1 pravidla bude muset um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence spl\u0148ovat i v\u00a0personalistice.<\/p>\n<p>Pro poskytovatele vysoce rizikov\u00fdch AI syst\u00e9m\u016f zav\u00e1d\u00ed regulace povinnost testovat jejich software na kvalitn\u00edch datov\u00fdch souborech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u samo\u0159\u00eddic\u00edch aut jde o soubory fotografi\u00ed a videosekvenc\u00ed chodc\u016f. <em>\u201eKrom\u011b dopad\u016f na \u00farovni jednotlivc\u016f, jako jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, je t\u0159eba sledovat i celospole\u010densk\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Monitoring a hodnocen\u00ed rizik je mimo mo\u017enosti v\u011bt\u0161iny soukrom\u00fdch firem, a proto by m\u011blo b\u00fdt\u00a0na z\u00e1klad\u011b transparentn\u00ed metodologie zaji\u0161t\u011bno ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm sektorem,\u201c <\/em>domn\u00edv\u00e1 se <strong>Marek Havrda<\/strong> z\u00a0GoodAI. Regulace by podle n\u011bho nem\u011bla b\u00fdt plo\u0161n\u00e1, ale sektorov\u00e1, a nesm\u00ed um\u011blou inteligenci diskriminovat.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"cs\" dir=\"ltr\">Regulace je na m\u00edst\u011b ve chv\u00edli, kdy subjekty nedohl\u00e9dnou dopad, kter\u00fd jejich kon\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1. Regulace mus\u00ed b\u00fdt evidence-base a implementovateln\u00e1, co\u017e dnes \u00fapln\u011b nen\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MAREK HAVRDA z <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/GoodAIdev?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener\">@GoodAIdev<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a1<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/CemtkHwhyh\">https:\/\/t.co\/CemtkHwhyh<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/AspenAI?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener\">#AspenAI<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hospodarky?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener\">@Hospodarky<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/prg_ai?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener\">@prg_ai<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/YTuVFwUz9D\">pic.twitter.com\/YTuVFwUz9D<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Aspen Institute CE (@AspenInstCE) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AspenInstCE\/status\/1409869168044822540?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"noopener\">June 29, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dalibor Ka\u010dm\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>, \u0159editel pro technologick\u00e9 standardy, Microsoft \u010cR a Slovensko, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence je v podstat\u011b n\u00e1stroj pro snaz\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho objemu dat. A jako ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1stroj m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eita pro spole\u010densky prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 c\u00edle, stejn\u011b jako pro ty kontroverzn\u00ed: <em>\u201eMicrosoft je proto zast\u00e1ncem regulace AI zejm\u00e9na z etick\u00e9ho hlediska: aby jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed bylo v\u017edy bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, spolehliv\u00e9, inkluzivn\u00ed a spravedliv\u00e9, aby slou\u017eilo k prosp\u011bchu v\u0161ech lid\u00ed a nenaru\u0161ovalo ni\u010d\u00ed soukrom\u00ed.\u201c \u00a0<\/em>P\u0159\u00edmo v Microsoftu ji\u017e funguje n\u011bkolik poradn\u00edch komis\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1sad dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b obchodn\u00edch partner\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch firemn\u00ed produkty. Je nutn\u00e9 transparentn\u011b definovat pravidla hry a ov\u011b\u0159it, jestli regulace bude funk\u010dn\u00ed. Ka\u017edou regulaci by m\u011bla prov\u00e1zet studie ekonomick\u00fdch dopad\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Podle<strong> Jana Klesly<\/strong>,\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edho koordin\u00e1tora pro centra um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, je zejm\u00e9na pro men\u0161\u00ed podniky slo\u017eit\u00e9, jak\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a certifikac\u00ed budou muset vyhov\u011bt. V\u00a0krajn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech tato procedura, bez n\u00ed\u017e bude firm\u011b p\u0159\u00edstup na trhy EU odep\u0159en, m\u016f\u017ee trvat a\u017e roky a \u0159ada firem se rad\u011bji p\u0159esune do Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie nebo USA. Jan Klesla je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee plo\u0161nou regulaci AI nepot\u0159ebujeme, nebo\u0165 je ji\u017e zakotvena v\u00a0Listin\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod, GDPR a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch. Aby nevznikaly problematick\u00e9 duplicity, m\u011blo by si \u010cesko jasn\u011b vyhodnotit, ve kter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je t\u0159eba stanovit mantinely. A ty prosazovat v\u00a0Bruselu v\u00a0dob\u011b bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed v EU.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/twitter.com\/janklesla\/status\/1409889034709635074<\/p>\n<p><strong>Veronika \u017dolner\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1<\/strong>\u00a0z \u00dastavu pr\u00e1va a technologi\u00ed Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 fakulty Masarykovy univerzity zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh EU se stav\u00ed k\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci jako k\u00a0technologii se \u010dty\u0159mi stupni rizika. Ten nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad biometrickou identifikaci v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, regulace neakceptuje, dal\u0161\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edvat jen za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. <em>\u201eAkt o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci m\u016f\u017ee poslou\u017eit jako z\u00e1klad regulatorn\u00edho r\u00e1mce pro v\u00fdrobce a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e. Ti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed jistotu, \u017ee realizace jejich n\u00e1padu nebude p\u0159edstavovat zak\u00e1zanou \u010dinnost a ztracen\u00e9 investice. Tu jim d\u00e1 jenom pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis. Je ale t\u0159eba regulaci upravit, zach\u00e1zet co nejm\u00e9n\u011b do detail\u016f a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na syst\u00e9my AI p\u0159enechat sektorov\u00fdm p\u0159edpis\u016fm a technick\u00fdm norm\u00e1m, aby nedo\u0161lo k omezen\u00ed inova\u010dn\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Veronika \u017dolner\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Diskuse o regulaci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence je v\u00a0po\u0159ad\u00ed ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00ed ze s\u00e9rie\u00a0<em>AI v \u010cesku<\/em>. Jak jsme v p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fdch dvou debat\u00e1ch pouk\u00e1zali (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/news-article\/ai-v-cesku-lepsi-nez-si-myslite\/\">AI v \u010cesku. Lep\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edte!<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/news-article\/ai-v-cesku-kde-na-vzit\/\">AI v \u010cesku. Kde na to vz\u00edt?<\/a>), um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence je rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 z\u00e1b\u011br od statistiky, p\u0159es programov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u017e po filozofii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u0159et\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed debata na t\u00e9ma um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, tentokr\u00e1t zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na regulaci AI odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":20659,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"news-tag":[574],"class_list":["post-28718","news-article","type-news-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","news-tag-umela-inteligence-a-kyberneticka-bezpecnost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-article\/28718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news-article"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"news-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aspeninstitutece.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-tag?post=28718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}